Vacuoles and Cell Sap

Focuses on plant vacuoles (tonoplast, cell sap, hyperosmotic conditions), contractile vacuoles in single-celled organisms, and the role of vacuoles in storing toxic compounds

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Views #: 237

Questions #: 8

Time: 10 minutes

Pass Score: 80.0%

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Complete the sentence

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In mature plant cells, one organelle dominates the interior of the cell, often pushing the cytoplasm and other organelles to the periphery.

Much of the total volume of most plant cells is occupied by a single large (1).

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chloroplast

mitochondrion

nucleus

vacuole

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Fill in blanks

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The plant vacuole has its own bounding membrane with a specific name, and the liquid it contains also has a specific term.

The membrane is called the (1), and the fluid inside is called (2).

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plasma membrane

tonoplast

cytosol

cell sap

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Cell sap is usually hyperosmotic relative to the external medium. What does this mean for water movement?

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The concentration of dissolved substances in cell sap is usually higher than in the fluid surrounding the cell.

What effect does this have on water movement into the vacuole?

Water is actively pumped out by ATP-powered pumps

Water moves out of the vacuole by osmosis, shrinking the cell

Water moves into the vacuole by osmosis, keeping the cell turgid

Water has no net movement across the tonoplast

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Select ALL substances that can be found dissolved in cell sap.

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Cell sap is not pure water - it contains a variety of dissolved substances. Select ALL substances that vacuoles can contain.

Toxic chemicals

ATP molecules produced by the vacuole

Sugars

Pigments

Amino acids

Proteins

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What is the function of contractile vacuoles in single-celled organisms?

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Some single-celled organisms possess a specialized type of vacuole not found in typical plant or animal cells.

What is the primary function of contractile vacuoles?

Storing pigments and nutrients for photosynthesis

Housing the genetic material

Producing digestive enzymes

Expelling excess water and waste from the cell

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How are food vacuoles formed in cells that use phagocytosis or pinocytosis?

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Many cells can take in materials from their environment by engulfing them. How are the resulting vacuoles formed?

Ribosomes assemble vacuole membranes directly in the cytoplasm

The nucleus pinches off a portion of itself to form a vacuole

The cell membrane folds inward around the material, forming a membrane-bound vacuole

Mitochondria donate their outer membrane to form vacuoles

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Correct Answer

Explanation

Match each vacuole type to its correct description.

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To complete the line match

Click on an item in the first group
Click on an item in the second group
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Vacuole Type

Contractile vacuole

Food vacuole

Central vacuole

Description

Found in single-celled organisms; expels excess water and waste

Large membrane-bound sac in plant cells storing cell sap and maintaining turgor

Formed by phagocytosis or pinocytosis; contains ingested material for digestion

Different types of vacuoles perform different functions. Match each vacuole type to its correct description.

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True or False: Many plant species store toxic chemicals in their vacuoles as a defense against being eaten.

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True or False:

Many plant species store toxic chemicals in their vacuoles, and if an animal eats the plant and ruptures the vacuoles, the contents can have an adverse effect on the animal.

True

False

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Complete the sentence

Correct Answer

Explanation

Fill in blanks

Correct Answer

Explanation

Cell sap is usually hyperosmotic relative to the external medium. What does this mean for water movement?

Correct Answer

Explanation

Select ALL substances that can be found dissolved in cell sap.

Correct Answer

Explanation

What is the function of contractile vacuoles in single-celled organisms?

Correct Answer

Explanation

How are food vacuoles formed in cells that use phagocytosis or pinocytosis?

Correct Answer

Explanation

Match each vacuole type to its correct description.

Vacuole Type

Description

Correct Answer

Explanation

True or False: Many plant species store toxic chemicals in their vacuoles as a defense against being eaten.

Correct Answer

Explanation

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