Atomic Theory

State the modern atomic theory and learn how atoms are constructed.

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Questions #: 45

Time: 15 minutes

Pass Score: 80.0%

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The smallest piece of an element that maintains the ________ of that element is called an atom

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shape

identity

look

length

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Individual atoms can be seen to the naked eyes

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True

False

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It would take millions of atoms to make a line which visible and measurable

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False

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modern atomic theory founder

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The concept that atoms play a fundamental role in chemistry is formalized by the modern atomic theory, first stated by John Dalton, an English scientist, in 1808.

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False

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The modern atomic theory consists of

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All matter is composed of atoms

Atoms of the same element are the same; atoms of different elements are different

Atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds

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The word atom comes from a Greek word that means indivisible

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False

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Atoms are composed of smaller parts called

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atomic particles

subatomic particles

super atomic particles

particles

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The subatomic parts inside the atoms are

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electron

proton

neutron

ziatron

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Assign symbols often used to each subatomic particle

(1) electron
(2) proton
(3) neutron

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p⁺

n⁰

e^-

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A proton is larger in size (more massive) than electron

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False

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The neutron is a subatomic particle with about the same mass as a proton

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False

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Properties of the Three Subatomic Particles

Read the table and assign the name based on properties

Name	Symbol	Mass (approx; kg)	charge
(1)	p⁺	1.6 x 10^-27	1+
(2)	n, n⁰	1.6 x 10^-27	none
(3)	e^-	9.1 x 10^-31	1-

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Proton

Electron

Neutron

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Sub-particles in the atom are arranged at random

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False

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Experiments by Ernest Rutherford in England in the 1910s pointed to a nuclear model of the atom

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False

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Atom structure and behavior

The relatively massive protons and neutrons are collected in the (1) of an atom, in a region called the (2) of the atom (plural nuclei). The electrons are (3) the nucleus and spend their time (4) in space about the (5)

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center

nucleus

outside

inside

orbiting

doing nothing

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The modern atomic theory

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The modern atomic theory states that atoms of one element and different elements are the same

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False

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What makes atoms of different elements different?

The fundamental characteristic that all atoms of the same element share is the number of (1)

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protons

neutrons

electrons

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Different atoms of hydrogen have one or more than one proton in the nucleus

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False

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All atoms of iron have 26 protons in the nucleus

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Hydrogen and iron atomic numbers

Hydrogen has an atomic number of (1), while iron has an atomic number of (2)

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Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons

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False

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Hydrogen deuterium and tritium

Most hydrogen atoms have a (1) proton in their nucleus. However, a small number (about one in a million) of hydrogen atoms have a proton and a neutron in their nuclei. This particular isotope of hydrogen is called (2). A very rare form of hydrogen has one proton and two neutrons in the nucleus; this isotope of hydrogen is called (3).

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single

two

deuterium

tritium

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Overall charge

Neutral atoms have the same number of (1) as they have (2), so their overall charge is (3)

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electrons

protons

neutrons

zero

one

two

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A tiny subatomic particle with a negative charge is called _______

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A subatomic particle with a positive charge is called _______

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A subatomic particle with no charge is called _________

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The model of an atom that has the protons and neutrons in a central nucleus with the electrons in orbit about the nucleus

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nuclear model

proton model

neutron model

electron model

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The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons is called _______

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The number of protons in an atom is called _________

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proton number

atomic number

nucleus number

heavy number

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Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called __________

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The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is called __________ of the isotope

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total number

weight number

mass number

key number

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What are the atomic number and the mass number of carbon atoms?

The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their nuclei. What are the atomic number and the mass number of these carbon atoms?

Atomic number = (1)

Mass number = (2)

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What are the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope of uranium?

An isotope of uranium has an atomic number of 92 and a mass number of 235. What are the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of this atom?

Number of protons = (1)
Number of neutrons = (2)

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What are the atomic number and the mass number of a tin atom?

The number of protons in the nucleus of a tin atom is 50, while the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 68. What are the atomic number and the mass number of this isotope?

Atomic number = (1)
Mass number = (2)

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An _ __ is one- or two-letter representation of the name of an element

two words are missing

Missing

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Atomic symbol conventions

By convention, the first letter of an element’s symbol is always (1), while the second letter (if present) is (2)

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capitalized

lowercase

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The elements are grouped together in a special chart called the _ __

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Missing

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The elements on the periodic table are listed in order of ________ atomic number

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ascending

descending

no order

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You can use the periodic table to immediately identify metals and nonmetals

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False

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Metals are in the upper right corner of the periodic table

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There is an easy way to represent isotopes using the atomic symbols

We use the construction

A X

Z

A	X
Z

where (1) is the symbol of the element, (2) is the mass number, and (3) is the atomic number.

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For the isotope of carbon that has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, the symbol is

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\(^{6}_{6}\text{U}\)

\(^{12}_{6}\text{U}\)

\(^{6}_{12}\text{U}\)

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What is the symbol for an isotope of uranium that has an atomic number of 92 and a mass number of 235?

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\(^{92}_{92}\text{U}\)

\(^{235}_{92}\text{U}\)

\(^{92}_{235}\text{U}\)

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How many protons and neutrons are in the iron atom

56 Fe

26

56	Fe
26

This iron atom has (1) protons and (2) neutrons

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It is common to state the mass number after the name of an element to indicate a particular isotope

Carbon-12 represents an isotope of carbon with 6 (1) and 6 (2), while uranium-238 is an isotope of uranium that has 146 (3)

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protons

neutrons

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