AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda is an event-driven, serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers

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Views #: 530

Questions #: 69

Time: 10 minutes

Pass Score: 80.0%

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What are the deployment and operational tasks usually done in traditional environments that you perform when you opt in for a serverless approach in AWS?

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Configure an instance

Update operating system (OS)

install application platform

Build and deploy apps

Configure automatic scaling and load balancing

continuously secure and monitor instances

Monitor and maintain apps

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Explanation

Identify the benefits of using AWS Lambda

You can (1) without provisioning or maintaining servers.
It (2) for you in response to events.
It (3) automatically.
It provides built-in code (4) via Amazon CloudWatch.

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scales

run code

monitoring and logging

initiates functions

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Explanation

How do event-driven architectures work?

An architecture uses events to initiate actions and communication between decoupled services.

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Which of the following are features of Lambda?

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You can run code without provisioning or managing servers.

It initiates functions on your behalf in response to events.

You don't need to configure memory or CPU.

It scales automatically.

It provides built-in monitoring and logging.

You can update the operating system dynamically.

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Choose the invocation models for running Lambda functions

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Synchronous invocation

Asynchronous invocation

Polling invocation

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In Lambda synchronous invocation model you must manage your retry strategy within your application code

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True

False

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Classify services based on invocation methods of Lambda functions

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Explanation

Match error behavior with Lambda invocation model

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Invocation model

Synchronous

Asynchronous

Polling

Error behavior

Built in - retries twice

No retries

Depends on event source

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Which statements about invocation models are correct?

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Amazon S3 triggers Lambda via an asynchronous push

Amazon API Gateway triggers Lambda synchronously

When Alexa is the event source, Lambda will make three attempts to invoke the function before putting the failed invocation into the dead letter queue (DLQ)

DynamoDB must have an execution role to invoke Lambda

Amazon SQS triggers Lambda via the polling invocation model

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Lambda invokes your function in an __________ environment, which is a secure and isolated environment

Missing

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Lambda cold and warm starts

When an invocation is routed to a new execution environment, Lambda must initialize the environment, download the code, initialize the runtime, and any packages or dependencies required by your function. This is the (1) latency.
When an invocation gets routed to an environment that is already available for the function, it gets a (2) and Lambda only needs to run the code.

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cold start

warm start

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Provisioned _________ is a Lambda feature that prepares concurrent execution environments before invocations

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parallelism

concurrency

start

invocation

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Explanation

Match the Lambda lifecycle steps with the correct phase

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Lifecycle step

Lambda creates or unfreezes an execution environment with the configured resources

Lambda shuts down the runtime

The event source initiates an invocation of a Lambda function

Phase

Init phase

Invoke phase

Shutdown phase

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With Lambda functions, there are only one required permission to invoke the function

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True

False

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For a Lambda function to write to a DynamoDB table, you must include a trust policy that allows Lambda to "AssumeRole" so that it can take that action for another service

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True

False

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You can also use IAM Access Analyzer to help identify the required permissions for the IAM execution role

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True

False

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What IAM entities must be included in an execution role for a Lambda function to interact with other services, such as DynamoDB?

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IAM policy that defines the actions that can be taken within DynamoDB

Trust policy that grants "AssumeRole" permission to Lambda to act on DynamoDB

IAM group defining users of the Lambda function

IAM user with admin permissions to Lambda and DynamoDB

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Which of these statements describe a resource policy?

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Must be chosen or created when you create a Lambda function

Can give Amazon S3 permission to initiate a Lambda function

Can give Lambda permission to write data to a DynamoDB table

Can grant access to the Lambda function across AWS accounts

Determines who has access to invoke the function

Determines what Lambda is allowed to do

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S3 wants to send an event to a Lambda function, what policy should you use for this to be allowed?

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Resource-based policy

IAM execution policy

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You developed a Lambda function which access a table in DynamoDB, which policy to use for this access to happen?

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Resource-based policy

IAM execution policy

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What is required to establish a private connection between your VPC and AWS Lambda?

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Create a VPN connection

Create an interface VPC endpoint

Use an internet gateway

Assign public IP addresses to instances in your VPC

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Lambda supports C and C++ programming languages

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True

False

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The Lambda function handler is the method in your function code that processes events

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True

False

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Select the best practices you should consider when creating a Lambda function

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Separate business logic

Add your business logic to the handler event

Write modular functions

Treat functions as stateless

Maintain states in your function

Only include what you need

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Adding logging statements to your Lambda function is not recommended as it just increases your code size

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True

False

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Explanation

By using Parameter Store to reference Secrets Manager secrets, you create a consistent and secure process for calling and using secrets and reference data in your code and configuration scripts

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True

False

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What is the quickest and safest way to handle a situation where you deployed a recursive Lambda function by mistake?

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Delete the function and build a new one

Take your time to fix the function while it is still running

Set the concurrent execution limit to zero while you fix the code

Wait until it finishes execution then fix it

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Match the Lambda function terms to their definitions

(1) - An entry point that AWS Lambda calls to initiate your Lambda function.
(2) - An object with information about the event that initiated the Lambda function.
(3) - This is generated by AWS and provides metadata about the action

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Handler method

Context object

Event object

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The only way to author a Lambda function is throug the Lambda console

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True

False

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The only deployment package AWS Lambda supports is through a container image

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True

False

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What is the best purpose for authoring using the AWS Management Console?

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Small standalone applications less than 10 MB package

Simple one-function applications with no custom libraries and experimentation

Packages greater than 10 MB or part of continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) managed applications

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AWS SAM is an open-source framework for building serverless applications

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True

False

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What benefit does AWS SAM's predefined policy templates provide when building Lambda functions?

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They allow unrestricted access to all AWS resources

They automatically assign public IP addresses to Lambda functions

They scope the permissions of your Lambda functions to only the resources used by your application

They require extensive manual configuration to ensure security

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With AWS SAM CLI for testing, you can do the following

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Invoke functions and run automated tests locally.

Generate sample event source payloads.

Run API Gateway locally.

Debug code.

Review Lambda function logs.

Validate AWS SAM templates.

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Which AWS service can you use to automate the process of packaging code and running tests before deploying a serverless application?

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CodeDeploy

CodePipeline

CodeBuild

CodeCommit

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Match the items to their appropriate description

(1) - Like a house blueprint - you can threat infrastructure as code
(2) - Streamlined CloudFormation Template for serverless applications
(3) - Tool for local testing and debugging of serverless applications
(4) - AWS SAM CLI command for deploying AWS SAM template

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AWS SAM CLI

Deploy

AWS SAM Template

CloudFormation Template

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What are the primary configuration settings when you build and test a Lambda function

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Memory

CPU

Storage

Concurrency

Timeout

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You can allocate up to ______ of memory to a Lambda function

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5 GB

8 GB

10 GB

15 GB

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The AWS Lambda timeout value dictates how long a function can run before Lambda

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Hibernate a function

pauses a function

terminates a function

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The maximum time out for a Lambda function is

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1000 seconds

900 seconds

600 seconds

300 seconds

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You are charged from the number of function invocation and the time it takes to run the code

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True

False

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Price of a Lambda function depends on the amount of memory you allocate to your function, not the amount of memory your function uses

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True

False

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You can use an open-source tool called Lambda Power Tuning to find the best configuration for a function

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True

False

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A developer has been asked to troubleshoot a Lambda function that is in production. They've been told that it runs for 5 minutes and has been asked to reduce its duration to save on billable costs. Which actions should the developer take?

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Test the function from the console once to confirm that it is taking 5 minutes

Confirm whether 5 minutes is the typical duration through production monitoring

Decrease the timeout to 4 minutes

Test at higher memory configurations and compare the duration and cost at each configuration

Check whether any unecessary SDK components are in the deployment package

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If your Lambda function is invoked while the first request is still being processed, another instance is allocated

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True

False

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There are three types of concurrency in Lambda

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Unreserved concurrency

Reserved concurrency

Provisioned concurrency

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In the context of AWS Lambda, how does the burst concurrency quota apply when there is a sudden increase in demand, such as during a flash sale on a website?

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The burst concurrency quota is allocated individually to each Lambda function within the Region

The burst concurrency quota applies to all Lambda functions within the Region collectively, not individually per function

The burst concurrency quota allows unlimited scaling of Lambda functions during a sudden spike in demand

The burst concurrency quota only applies to a single Lambda function at a time during a burst event

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When your function finishes processing an event, Lambda sends metrics about the invocation to Amazon CloudWatch

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True

False

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What are some reasons a developer would set a concurrency limit (or reserve) on a function?

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Manage costs

Regulate how long it takes to process a batch of events

Match the limit with a downstream resource

Help CloudWatch track logging events

Ensure that Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues are cleared efficiently

Limit the memory that is used

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When deploying AWS Lambda functions in a server-based environment, which of the following is true?

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You need to manage the underlying infrastructure, including servers, operating system updates, and scaling

AWS Lambda automatically scales the infrastructure without any need for server management

AWS Lambda does not allow server-based deployments; it only supports serverless environments

You are required to configure auto-scaling policies for managing traffic bursts

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In a serverless deployment with AWS Lambda, which of the following responsibilities is eliminated for the developer?

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Writing the application code

Managing server infrastructure, including provisioning, scaling, and maintenance

Monitoring application performance and errors

Deploying updates to the application

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Which of the following is a key feature of AWS Cloud9 that makes it particularly useful for collaborative development?

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It requires installation on local machines for all collaborators

It provides an integrated terminal that allows you to run shell commands without leaving the IDE

It is a local IDE that does not support remote collaboration

It only supports JavaScript and Python as programming languages

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What is the purpose of alias routing in AWS Lambda, and how can it be used during the deployment of new versions of a function?

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Alias routing allows you to manage traffic between different versions of a Lambda function by specifying a percentage of requests that should go to each version

Alias routing is used to redirect all traffic to a new function version without the possibility of gradual traffic shifting

Alias routing automatically scales the infrastructure based on the alias used

Alias routing is only used for assigning custom names to Lambda functions and has no impact on traffic management

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CodeDeploy supports the following traffic-shifting patterns

Lambda is integrated with AWS CodeDeploy for automated rollout with traffic shifting. CodeDeploy supports multiple traffic shifting methods, in addition to alarms and hooks. CodeDeploy supports the following traffic-shifting patterns:

– Traffic is shifted in two increments. If the first increment is successful, the second is completed based on the time specified in the deployment.
– With linear traffic shifting, traffic is slowly shifted in a predetermined percentage every X minutes based on how you have it configured.
– Shifts all traffic from the original Lambda function to the updated Lambda function version at once.

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Linear

All-at-once

Canary

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Identify the testing options which AWS CodeDeploy supports

– These instruct CloudWatch to monitor the deployment and trigger an alarm if any errors occurred during rollout. Any alarms would automatically roll back your deployment.
– Give you the option to run pre-traffic and post-traffic test functions that run sanity checks before traffic-shifting starts to the new version and after traffic-shifting completes.

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Alarms

Hooks

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Which statements are true?

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When you create a Lambda function, only one version exists: the $LATEST version

Versioning is a requirement for your Lambda functions

You can specify a versioning number scheme that Lambda will use

You can reference any version with an alias

You can reference a version or an alias in the Amazon Resource Name (ARN)

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AWS CloudWatch provides build-in metrics to help monitor Lambda functions

- The number of times your function code is run, including successful runs and runs that result in a function error.
- The amount of time that your function code spends processing an event.
- The number of invocations that result in a function error. Function errors include exceptions thrown by your code and exceptions thrown by the Lambda runtime.
- The number of times that a process failed because of concurrency limits.
- Pertains to event source mappings that read from streams. The age of the last record in the event. The age is the amount of time between when the stream receives the record and when the event source mapping sends the event to the function.
- For asynchronous invocation, this is the number of times Lambda attempts to send an event to a dead-letter queue but fails.
- The number of function instances that are processing events.

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Invocations

ConcurrentExecutions

Errors

IteratorAge

Throttles

DeadLetterErrors

Duration

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Your Lambda functions send trace data to X-Ray, and X-Ray processes the data to generate a service map and searchable trace summaries

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True

False

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Identify the stages that makes up the total time to execute a Lambda function using AWS X-Ray

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(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Start environment, initialize environment

Hold in queue

initialize function

Run Code

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Match the task to the toll you would use to perform it

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Click on the match in the second group

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Task

Review metrics on invocations - errors - and throttling for a Lambda function

Review trace details about an invocation to identify potential bottlenecks

Manually review errors for Lambda invocations that failed and must be addressed

Audit actions made against your applications

Tool

Amazon CloudWatch

Dead-letter queue

AWS X-Ray

AWS CloudTrail

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Which feature can a developer enable to create a copy of a function for testing?

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Versioning

Aliases

Replica

Copy

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What are the reasons for setting a concurrency limit (or reserve) on a function?

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Verify that Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues clear

Regulate how long it takes to process a batch of events

Facilitate CloudWatch Lambda Insight metrics

Match the limit with a downstream resource

Manage costs

Restrict memory usage

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What is the importance of the IAM execution role?

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Gives your function permissions to run within an account

Allows individual users control over creating and authoring the function

Allows groups of users to invoke the execution role to test the function.

Gives your function permissions to interact with other services

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What does an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) resource-based policy control?

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What the function can do within the other AWS services

Permissions to invoke the function

Permissions to create the function

What the other AWS services can do when processing the events

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Which of these statements describe a resource policy? (Select THREE.)

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Determines who has access to invoke the function

Determines what Lambda is allowed to do

Can grant access to the Lambda function across AWS accounts

Must be chosen or created when you create a Lambda function

Can give Amazon S3 permission to initiate a Lambda function

Can give Lambda permission to write data to a DynamoDB table

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Match the terms on the left with the appropriate definition

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Term

Producer

Router

Consumer

Definition

Create events with all required information

Ingests and filters events using rules

Subscribe and are notified when events occur

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Which patterns are Lambda invocation models?

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Polling

Trigger

Synchronous

First In-First Out (FIFO)

Asynchronous

Event source mapping

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Which monitoring tool provides the ability to visualize the components of an application and the flow of API calls?

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AWS CloudTrail

Amazon CloudWatch

AWS X-Ray

CloudWatch Lambda Insights

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Which capabilities are features of Lambda?

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Requires no configuration of memory or CPU

Scales automatically

Updates the operating system without scheduling

Triggers Lambda functions on your behalf in response to events

Runs code without you provisioning or managing servers

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