Open-Source Development

This quiz covers open-source software development: its definition, roots in the Free Software Foundation, key examples, two business decisions for companies, the three main open-source license types (GPL, LGPL, BSD), open-source licensing management practices, and open-source business models

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Views #: 231

Questions #: 10

Time: 10 minutes

Pass Score: 80.0%

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Defining Open-Source Development

1 pts

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Which of the following best defines open-source software development?

An approach to software development in which the source code of a software system is published and volunteers are invited to participate in the development process

A development approach where the user interface is open but the source code remains proprietary

Software developed entirely by a single company using an agile methodology and released to the public for free

Software developed using only open standards and published under any commercial license

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Notable Open-Source Examples

1 pts

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Open-source software is the backbone of the Internet and software engineering. Which of the following are examples of widely used open-source products? Select ALL that apply.

Adobe Photoshop

Eclipse IDE

Java programming language

Apache web server

MySQL database management system

Android operating system

Linux operating system (most widely used server OS)

Microsoft Windows

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Two Business Decisions About Open Source

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For a company involved in software development, there are two open-source issues that have to be considered. Drag the correct question into each placeholder.

When evaluating open source for a software project, a company must ask: (1) And separately: (2)

Please drag and drop the selected option in the right place or type it instead

Should the product being developed make use of open-source components?

Should an open-source approach be used for its own software development?

Should the company hire developers from the open-source community?

Should the company publish its financial results as open data?

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Three Open-Source License Models

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To complete the line match

Click on an item in the first group
Click on an item in the second group
To delete a match, double click on a line

License

GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)

GNU General Public License (GPL)

Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) License

Key Condition

A reciprocal license: if you use open-source software licensed under this, you must make your own software open source too

A variant of the GPL: you can write components that link to open-source code without having to publish those components as open source - however, if you change the licensed component itself, you must publish the changes as open source

A non-reciprocal license: you are not obliged to re-publish any changes or modifications; you can include the code in proprietary systems that are sold; you must acknowledge the original creator of the code

Most open-source licenses are variants of one of three general models. Match each license to its key condition.

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GPL and Proprietary Products

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A software company is developing a commercial product they plan to sell. They want to use an open-source library component in their product but keep the source code of their product proprietary. Which license type for the open-source component would create a problem for this plan?

BSD License - because it prohibits use in proprietary systems

GNU GPL - because it is a reciprocal license that requires any product using GPL software to also be made open source

LGPL - because it requires the entire product to be rewritten in the licensed language

MIT License - because it prohibits commercial sale of products

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Open-Source Licensing Management

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Companies managing projects that use open-source components must follow certain practices. Which of the following are recommended practices? Select ALL that apply.

Participate in the open-source community if you rely on open-source products

Be aware of the different types of licenses and understand how a component is licensed before it is used

Simply assume all open-source software is free to use in any way without reading the license

Establish a system for maintaining information about open-source components that are downloaded and used, keeping a copy of the license valid at the time the component was used

Be aware of evolution pathways for components to understand how they might change in future

Have auditing systems in place to detect developers breaking the terms of a license under tight deadlines

Educate people about open source and open-source licensing so they can comply with license conditions

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Open-Source Business Model

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Many software product companies now use an open-source approach to development. What is the typical business model for such companies?

The company releases the source code and earns revenue by selling support services, add-on services, and cloud-based versions of their software - not reliant on selling the software product itself

The company earns revenue by selling the source code itself, with different pricing tiers for different features

The company uses an open-source approach purely to recruit volunteers and then closes the source code once the product is mature

The company releases the source code only to verified enterprise customers who sign non-disclosure agreements

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Reliability of Open-Source Software

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Widely used open-source systems are often described as very reliable. What is the primary reason for this?

Open-source systems never have security vulnerabilities because the source is public

They have a large population of users who are willing to fix problems themselves rather than report them and wait for a new release, so bugs are discovered and repaired more quickly than is usually possible with proprietary software

Open-source developers are always more experienced than proprietary software developers

Open-source systems are always formally verified using mathematical proof techniques

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Open-Sourcing a Specialized Software Product

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A small company develops a specialized software product configured specifically for each customer. A new contract opportunity would more than double the customer base but requires the new customer to have some involvement in software configuration. The company considers making the software open source. Which of the following are valid reasons why this might be a good idea? Select ALL that apply.

Going open source guarantees a large developer community will immediately improve the software

Open-sourcing means the company no longer needs to provide any technical support

The new large customer could participate in the open-source community and help configure and adapt the software to their needs

Making the software open source reassures customers that they will be able to support and maintain the software themselves if the company goes out of business

If the company relies on open-source products itself, making its own software open source is a way of contributing back to the community

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Why Open-Source May Not Attract Community Contributions

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Publishing source code does not guarantee that people from the wider community will help with its development. Why is community involvement less likely for specialized application systems?

Because specialized applications have very complex source code that no one outside the company can understand

Because specialized application systems always require proprietary hardware that community developers cannot access

Because open-source licenses prohibit community contributions to application systems

Because most successful open-source products have been platform products rather than application systems - there are limited developers interested in specialized application systems, and thousands of open-source projects on platforms like GitHub have only a handful of downloads

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Undergraduate Professional

Defining Open-Source Development

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Notable Open-Source Examples

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Two Business Decisions About Open Source

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Three Open-Source License Models

License

Key Condition

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GPL and Proprietary Products

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Open-Source Licensing Management

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Explanation

Open-Source Business Model

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Reliability of Open-Source Software

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Open-Sourcing a Specialized Software Product

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Why Open-Source May Not Attract Community Contributions

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