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Four Sectors of Each Spiral Loop

publish date2026/05/31 04:48:57.474067 UTC

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Each loop in the spiral model is split into four sectors. Sort them into the order in which they are described.

Planning
Risk assessment and reduction
Development and validation
Objective setting

Correct Answer

(1) Objective setting
(2) Risk assessment and reduction
(3) Development and validation
(4) Planning

Explanation

The four sectors in each loop are: 1. Objective setting — specific objectives defined, constraints identified, risks identified, alternative strategies planned; 2. Risk assessment and reduction — detailed analysis of each identified risk, steps taken to reduce it; 3. Development and validation — a development model is chosen based on risk evaluation; 4. Planning — the project is reviewed and a decision made whether to continue with a further loop.

Reference

Software Engineering, Ian Sommerville, 9th edition


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