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Classification of activities

publish date: 2026/05/28 22:08:33.150427 UTC

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The waterfall model’s phases can be mapped to the four fundamental process activities: specification, development, validation, and evolution.

Classify each waterfall phase into the most closely related fundamental activity.

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Waterfall Phase

Implementation and unit testing
Integration and system testing
Operation and maintenance
Requirements analysis and definition

Fundamental Activity

Specification
Development
Validation
Evolution

Correct Answer

(1) Requirements analysis and definition,Specification
(2) Implementation and unit testing,Development
(3) Integration and system testing,Validation
(4) Operation and maintenance,Evolution

Explanation

Requirements analysis and definition correspond to specification; implementation and unit testing to development; integration and system testing to validation; and operation and maintenance to evolution.

Reference

Software Engineering, Ian Sommerville, 9th edition

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