Basics

Basics to know in order to understand the concept of a Function

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Questions #: 21
Time: 5 minutes
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Function definition

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Saying y is a function of x means y is related to x by some formula

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Functions can be defined that have nothing to do with numbers

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Ordered Pairs

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An ordered pair (1, 2) = (2, 1)

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Coordinates as ordered pair

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The point (3, 4) is different from the point (4, 3).

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Cartesian Product of Two Sets A and B

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Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {5, 6}, what is the cartesian products of these two sets?

A × B = ?

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The cartesian product of A x B = B x A

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Number of elements in the cartesian product set A x B

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Let = {1, 2, 3, 4}, and B = {5, 6, 7}, Then the number of elements in the cartesian product set B = 

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Equality of ordered pairs

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Two ordered pairs (a, b) and (c, d ) are equal if a = (1) and b = (2)

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Definition of a Function

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Let A and B be two nonempty sets.

A function ƒ from A to B is a subset of (1)(involving the entire set (2)) with the property that each “a” belonging to A, belongs to precisely one ordered pair (a, b), in the subset of A x B, under consideration. In other words, a function ƒ from set A to set B consists of a set of ordered pairs (abB such that no two order pairs have the same (3) element.

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A x B
second
A
first
B
B x A
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Alternative definition of a "Function"

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A function ƒ from set A to set B (written as ƒB) is a rule of correspondence that associates to each element of A, one and only one element of B.

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A function from set A to set be is also called a mapping from A to B

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We observe the following in a function from set A to set B

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  1. Each element of (1) need not be in the association, but every element of (2) must be involved in it.
  2. One element of (3) cannot be associated with more than one element of (4), but one element of (5) may correspond to two or more elements of (6).
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B
A
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Does the following figure represent a function?

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Does the following figure represent a function?

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Does the following figure represent a function?

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Does the following figure represent a function?

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Does the following figure represent a function?

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The (entire) set A is called

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Let ƒ be a function from set A to set B ( ƒ: A → B), then

The (entire) set A is called the (1) of ƒ.

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The (entire) set B is called

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Let ƒ be a function from set A to set B ( ƒ: A → B), then

The (entire) set B is called the (1) of ƒ.

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An element of B that corresponds to some element x of A

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Let ƒ be a function from set A to set B (ƒA → B), then

An element of B that corresponds to some element x of A is denoted by ƒ(x), and it is called the (1) of x under ƒ.

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The set of all images

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Let ƒ be a function from set A to set B (ƒ: A → B), then

The set of all images constitutes the (1) of ƒ.  The (2) of ƒ is denoted by ƒ(A) and it is a (3) of set B.  In other words ƒ(A) ⊆ B.

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range
subset
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Year 11