AWS Databases Essentials

If you migrate and host your relational database in Amazon (non-managed environment), you are responsible for

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Physical infrastructure

OS installation

Installation of database engine

Setting up the database across multiple AZs

Installing security patches for the database server

Updating database software

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In a managed AWS database environment, you are responsible for

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Creating the database and managing it

Installing the database engine

Patching the database engine to uplift security and update software

Setting up across multiple AZs with data replication in place

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Amazon RDS

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Amazon RDS is a managed database service customers can use to create and manage relational databases in the cloud without the operational burden of traditional database management.

True

False

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Amazon RDS supports commercial and open source options

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True

False

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Amazon RDS is built from storage only

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True

False

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A DB instance can contain multiple databases with the same engine

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True

False

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Underneath the DB instance is an EC2 instance, which you can manage through Amazon EC2 console.

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True

False

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Match the DB instance class with tis definition

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(1) provide a balance of compute, memory, and network resources. They are a good choice for many database workloads.
(2) accelerate performance for workloads that process large datasets in memory.
(3) provide a baseline level of CPU performance with the ability to burst above the baseline.

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Memory optimized instances

Burstable performance instances

Standard instances

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The storage portion of DB instances for Amazon RDS use

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Amazon S3

Amazon EBS

Amazon instance store

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Choose the storage types Amazon RDS supports

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General Purpose SSD

Provisioned IOPS SSD

Magnetic

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for database storage, General Purpose SSD is recommended for production environments

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True

False

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A DB instance has to live in a VPC same as an EC2 instance

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True

False

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In Amazon RDS, automated backups are not turned on by default

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True

False

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Amazon DynamoDB is a NoSQL database

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True

False

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ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory caching solution

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True

False

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Amazon DocumentDB is a NoSQL database

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True

False

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Amazon DocumentDB has API compatibility with MongoDB

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True

False

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Amazon DocumentDB work well for

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content management systems

profile management

web applications

mobile applications

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Amazon Neptune can be used efficiently with social network systems

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True

False

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Amazon Quantom Ledger Database (Amazon QLDB) provides a complete and cryptographically verifiable history of all changes made in an application data

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True

False

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MemoryDB is a Redis-compatible, durable, in-memory database service

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True

False

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You can use Amazon keyspaces database service for high-scale application that need top-tier performance

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True

False

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Amazon timestream is database service for Internet of Things (IoT) and operational applications

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True

False

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Match each database with the best use case to serve

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Database Service	Best Use Case
(1)	High-traffic web applications requiring single-digit millisecond response times.
(2)	Caching frequently accessed data to improve the performance of read-heavy applications.
(3)	Managing session state or real-time leaderboards in gaming applications.
(4)	Content management systems or catalogs that require flexible schema for semi-structured data.
(5)	Applications needing highly scalable, globally distributed data storage with wide-column data.
(6)	Social networking applications requiring graph-based relationships like friends and followers.
(7)	Time-series data processing for IoT devices or monitoring system metrics.
(8)	Systems needing a cryptographically verifiable transaction log, such as financial ledgers.

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Amazon DynamoDB

Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (Amazon QLDB)

Amazon ElastiCache

Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility)

Amazon Neptune

Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra)

Amazon MemoryDB for Redis

Amazon Timestream

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DynamoDB core components

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A table in DynamoDB is a collection of (1), and each (2) is a collection of attributes.

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DynamoDB core components definitions

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Component	Definition
(1)	A collection of data
(2)	Group of attributes that is uniquely identifiable among all other items
(3)	Fundamental data element that does not need to be broken down any further

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All user data stored in DynamoDB is fully encrypted at rest

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True

False

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Match each database, or set of database services, to the database type and use cases

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AWS Service(s)	Database Type	Use Cases
(1)	Relational	Traditional applications, ERP, CRM, ecommerce
(2)	Key-value	High-traffic web applications, ecommerce systems, gaming applications
(3)	In-memory	Caching, session management, gaming leaderboards, geospatial applications
(4)	Document	Content management, catalogs, user profiles
(5)	Wide column	High-scale industrial applications for equipment maintenance, fleet management, route optimization
(6)	Graph	Fraud detection, social networking, recommendation engines
(7)	Time series	IoT applications, Development Operations (DevOps), industrial telemetry
(8)	Ledger	Systems of record, supply chain, registrations, banking transactions

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Amazon Keyspaces

DynamoDB

Amazon ElastiCache for Memcached,
Amazon ElastiCache for Redis

Timestream

Amazon RDS, Aurora,
Amazon Redshift

Amazon DocumentDB

Amazon QLDB

Neptune

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With Amazon RDS, you can scale components of the service. What does this mean?

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For major database (DB) updates, you can activate automatic version upgrades.

You can upgrade your DB instance at any time.

You can increase or decrease specific database configurations independently.

Amazon RDS components are coupled. When you modify any component, such as storage, memory, or processor size, all other components are also modified.

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Which database service to use?

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An organization needs a fully managed database service to build an application that requires high concurrency and connections for millions of users and millions of requests per second. Which AWS database service should the organization use?

Amazon Redshift

Amazon RDS

Amazon DynamoDB

Amazon Aurora

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You can pay for Amazon RDS using which of the following instance types?

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Reserved

Provisioned

Spot

On-Demand

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Which of the following statements are true of security in Amazon RDS?

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Amazon Cognito is used to control who can access the database instance

Security groups are used to control access to the database instance

VPC can be used to isolate your database from internet traffic

Data is encrypted at rest using 256-bit RC6 algorithms

Connections to the database can be secured using SSL

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You can create and modify an Amazon RDS database instance using which of the following?

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Amazon RDS API

Connect using the hostname and endpoint

AWS Management Console

AWS Command Line Interface (CLI)

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

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Which of the following database engines can be run by Amazon RDS?

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Amazon Redshift

Amazon Aurora

IBM DB2

PostgreSQL

SAP Sybase IQ

Oracle

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Which of the following security groups can control access to your Amazon RDS database instance?

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Database security groups

Amazon EC2 security groups

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) security groups

Amazon Cognito security groups

Amazon RDS security groups

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Identify the main concepts and terminologies in DynamoDB

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DynamoDB stores data in (1) which is a collection of data.
Each table contains zero or more (2). An item is a group of attributes that is uniquely identifiable among all other items.
An item is composed of one or more (3). An attribute is a fundamental data element, something that does not need to be broken down any further.
When you create a table, in addition to the table name, you must specify the (4) of the table.
You can create one or more (5) indexes on a table.
DynamoDB (6) is an optional feature that captures data modification events in DynamoDB tables. The events are near real time and occurs when an item is created, updated, or deleted.
One (7) capacity unit (RCU) represents one strongly consistent read per second, or two eventually consistent reads per second, for an item up to 4 KB in size.
One (8) capacity unit (WCU) represents one write per second for an item up to 1 KB in size.
(9) is the action of limiting the number of requests that a client can submit to a given operation in a given amount of time.
DynamoDB has two (10) capacity modes for processing read/write transactions on your tables (On demand and Provisioned).

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read/write

tables

attributes

items

primary key

secondary

write

Streams

Throttling

read

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The data type of a partition key or a sort key can be a

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string

binary

number

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Identify local and global indexes in DynamoDB

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Indexes are local or global. A (1) secondary index has the same partition key as its base table but a different sort key. Use (2) secondary indexes to query attributes outside the primary key of your original table.

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global

local

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The size information of tables in DynamoDB is updated in

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near real time

maximum 6 hours

in maximum 12 hours

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You can use AWS CLI to list and describe tables in DynamoDB

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True

False

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DynamoDB is integrated with CloudTrail capturing all API calls for DynamoDB as events

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True

False

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Choose the sets of metrics that DynamoDB sends to CloudWatch

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Account metrics

Table metrics

Table operations metrics

Global secondary index name and table metrics

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You can use either DynamoDB console or CloudWatch to monitor DynamoDB metrics, which are the same

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True

False

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CloudWatch Contributor Insights for DynamoDB is a diagnostic tool for identifying the most frequently accessed and throttled keys in your table or index at a glance

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True

False

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If you use DynamoDB for a service that receives requests with several peak times and abrupt workload spikes, then

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switch the capacity mode from provisioned to on demand

switch the capacity mode from on demand to provisioned

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A _______ partition in DynamoDB refers to a situation where one or a few partitions in your DynamoDB table are receiving a disproportionately high amount of read or write traffic compared to other partitions

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Missing

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What happens when a DynamoDB table or index exceeds its provisioned throughput limits, and how can this affect application performance?

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The excess requests are automatically queued and processed later without any impact on the application.

The excess requests are immediately rejected, and the application may experience ProvisionedThroughputExceededException errors, leading to throttling.

DynamoDB automatically scales the provisioned throughput to handle the excess requests.

The excess requests are redirected to another table or index.

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How can hot partitions in a DynamoDB table contribute to increased latency, and what design strategy can help mitigate this issue?

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Hot partitions decrease the latency by concentrating traffic on fewer partitions, and you should always design your table to have as few partitions as possible.

Hot partitions increase latency by overloading a single partition, and using a well-distributed partition key design can help mitigate this issue.

Hot partitions have no impact on latency, and the number of partitions is irrelevant to performance.

Hot partitions reduce latency by optimizing the cache, and adding more read capacity units is the only way to solve this issue.

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DynamoDB can efficiently handle short activity spikes

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True

False

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You can use AWS OpsWorks to create, configure, and manage your database servers

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True

False

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