IoT objects desirable design to be equipped with

(1) micro-controllers

(2) optical and/or radio transceivers

(3) sensors

(4) actuators

(5) protocol stacks

(6) interface to the physical world

Explanation

The IoT calls for open environments and an integrated architecture of interoperable platforms. Smart objects and cyber-physical systems – or just “things” – are the new IoT entities: the objects of everyday life, augmented with micro-controllers, optical and/or radio transceivers, sensors, actuators, and protocol stacks suitable for communication in constrained environments where target hardware has limited resources, allowing them to gather data from the environment and act upon it, and giving them an interface to the physical world.