Agile Methods — Agile Manifesto & Principles

Covering why rapid development became critical, why stable requirements are hard to achieve, the four values of the Agile Manifesto, the five principles of agile methods, what agile methods are best suited for, and how agile minimises documentation

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Views #: 228

Questions #: 10

Pass Score: 80.0%

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Why Rapid Development Became Critical

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Rapid development and delivery is now often the most critical requirement for software systems. Why?

Because hardware has become so powerful that software can always be rewritten quickly

Because developers prefer writing code without detailed specifications

Because businesses operate in a rapidly changing environment and must respond to new opportunities, markets, and competitive pressures quickly

Because agile tools have become cheaper and easier to use

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Why Stable Requirements Are Hard to Achieve

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Why is it often practically impossible to derive a complete set of stable software requirements for business systems?

Because customers deliberately withhold requirements to reduce costs

Because development teams lack the skills to capture requirements accurately

Because requirements inevitably change — customers cannot predict how a system will affect working practices, how it will interact with other systems, and what user operations should be automated until they gain experience with it

Because formal requirements techniques are too expensive for most businesses

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The Agile Manifesto — Four Values

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The agile manifesto expresses four core values. The diagram below shows them.

Which of the following is not one of the four values of the Agile Manifesto?

Working software over comprehensive documentation

Detailed upfront planning over responding to change

Individuals and interactions over processes and tools

Customer collaboration over contract negotiation

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Agile Manifesto — Items on the Right Still Have Value

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True or False: The Agile Manifesto states that the items on the right (e.g. processes and tools, comprehensive documentation) have no value at all.

True

False

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Five Principles of Agile Methods

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Click on an item in the second group
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Principle

Customer involvement

People not process

Embrace change

Maintain simplicity

Description

Customers should be closely involved to provide and prioritise new system requirements and to evaluate iterations

The skills of the development team should be recognised and exploited — team members develop their own ways of working without prescriptive processes

Expect the system requirements to change and design the system to accommodate these changes

Focus on simplicity in both the software being developed and the development process — actively work to eliminate complexity

The five principles of agile methods are shown in the diagram below.

Match each principle to its correct description.

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Incremental Delivery Principle

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Complete the sentence about the incremental delivery principle in agile methods.

The software is developed in increments with the (1) specifying the requirements to be included in each increment. The system is developed as a series of (2), with each including new system functionality.

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What Agile Methods Are Best Suited For

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Agile methods have been very successful for certain types of system development. Which two types are identified? Select both.

Custom system development within an organisation where the customer is committed to being involved and there are not a lot of external rules and regulations

Very large distributed systems where multiple teams work in different time zones

Safety-critical embedded systems with complex timing requirements

Product development where a software company is developing a small or medium-sized product for sale

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Agile vs Plan-Driven — Key Distinction

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What is the key distinction between how agile methods and plan-driven methods minimise documentation?

Agile methods use automated tools to generate all documentation; plan-driven methods require manual documentation

Agile methods produce no documentation at all; plan-driven methods produce complete documentation

Agile methods minimise documentation by using informal communications rather than formal meetings with written documents; plan-driven methods use formal documents to communicate between stages

Plan-driven methods minimise documentation; agile methods maximise it

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Problems with Agile Principles in Practice

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Several agile principles can be difficult to realise in practice. Which of the following are identified difficulties? Select all that apply.

Customer involvement depends on having a customer who is willing and able to spend time with the development team and can represent all stakeholders — this is often not possible

Agile methods always produce lower-quality code than plan-driven approaches

Individual team members may not have suitable personalities for the intense involvement typical of agile methods

Maintaining simplicity requires extra work and delivery pressure may prevent simplification

Prioritising changes can be extremely difficult when there are many stakeholders who give different priorities to different changes

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Agile Methods and Maintenance

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Two questions should be considered when using agile methods for software maintenance. Which of the following correctly states both?

Can agile methods be used for safety-critical systems? And can agile methods be scaled to teams of thousands of developers?

Are systems developed using an agile approach maintainable given the emphasis on minimising formal documentation? And can agile methods be used effectively for evolving a system in response to customer change requests?

Do agile methods reduce staff costs? And do agile methods eliminate the need for project management?

Can agile methods reduce testing costs? And can agile methods eliminate the need for documentation entirely?

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Why Rapid Development Became Critical

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Explanation

Why Stable Requirements Are Hard to Achieve

Correct Answer

Explanation

The Agile Manifesto — Four Values

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Explanation

Agile Manifesto — Items on the Right Still Have Value

Correct Answer

Explanation

Five Principles of Agile Methods

Principle

Description

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Explanation

Incremental Delivery Principle

Correct Answer

Explanation

What Agile Methods Are Best Suited For

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Explanation

Agile vs Plan-Driven — Key Distinction

Correct Answer

Explanation

Problems with Agile Principles in Practice

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Explanation

Agile Methods and Maintenance

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Explanation

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