Testing in XP

Why XP Emphasises Testing

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With incremental development there is no system specification that an external testing team can use to develop system tests. What is XP's response to this problem?

XP emphasises the importance of program testing and includes an approach that reduces the chances of introducing undiscovered errors — featuring test-first development, incremental test development from scenarios, user involvement, and automated test frameworks

XP eliminates system testing entirely and relies on customer feedback after release

XP uses an independent external testing team who write tests based on user stories

XP defers all testing to the acceptance stage where the customer tests using real data

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Test-First Development — The Core Idea

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The diagram below shows how test-first development works.

What is the key innovation of test-first development?

Tests are written by a separate external team to avoid bias

Tests are automatically generated from UML models before any coding begins

Tests are written before the code — this means you can run the test as the code is being written and discover problems during development

Tests are written after all code is complete to verify correctness

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Benefits of Writing Tests First

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Writing tests before writing code has two important benefits. Which of the following correctly describes both?

It automatically generates production code from the test specifications

It eliminates all bugs and guarantees correct software

It implicitly defines both an interface and a specification of behaviour for the functionality being developed, reducing problems of requirements and interface misunderstandings; and it avoids test-lag where implementation gets further ahead of testing

It allows developers to skip code reviews entirely

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Customer Role in XP Testing

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Complete the sentence about the customer's role in XP testing.

The role of the customer in the XP testing process is to help develop (1) tests for the stories that are to be implemented in the next release. In XP, acceptance testing, like development, is (2).

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Why Customer Involvement in Testing Is Difficult

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Relying on the customer to support acceptance test development is described as sometimes a major difficulty. Why?

Customers are legally prohibited from writing software tests in most jurisdictions

Customer-written tests always fail because customers don't understand technical implementation

Customers always write incorrect tests that slow development

People adopting the customer role often have very limited available time and may not be able to work full time with the development team — they may feel providing requirements was enough and be reluctant to get involved in testing

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Automated Testing Frameworks

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Test automation is described as essential for test-first development. Complete the sentence.

Tests are written as executable components before the task is implemented. An automated test framework makes it easy to write executable tests and (1) a set of tests for execution. JUnit is a widely used example. As testing is automated, there is always a set of tests that can be quickly and easily executed — whenever any functionality is added to the system, the tests can be run and problems that the new code has introduced can be (2) immediately.

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Three Reasons Test-First Doesn't Guarantee Thorough Testing

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Test-first development and automated testing usually results in a large number of tests. However, this approach does not necessarily lead to thorough program testing. Which of the following are the three stated reasons? Select all that apply.

It is difficult to judge the completeness of a test set — crucial parts of the system may not be executed and so remain untested

Customer-written acceptance tests always conflict with developer-written unit tests

Automated tests always produce false positives that mislead developers

Some tests can be very difficult to write incrementally — for example in a complex user interface where it is often difficult to write unit tests for display logic

Programmers prefer programming to testing and sometimes take shortcuts — writing incomplete tests that do not check all possible exceptions

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New Build Acceptance Rule

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When a programmer builds the system to create a new version in XP, what rule must be satisfied before the new build is accepted?

The new build must have fewer lines of code than the previous version

The new build must pass code style checks before any tests are run

The new build is accepted only if all existing automated tests as well as the tests for the new functionality execute successfully

The customer must manually approve every change before integration

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Story Cards, Tasks, and Test Cases

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How do user stories, tasks, and test cases relate to each other in the XP testing process?

User stories are converted directly to test cases without breaking them into tasks

Test cases are written independently of user stories by the external testing team

User stories are broken down into tasks by the development team; each task generates one or more unit tests that check the implementation described in that task

Tasks are written by the customer and converted to test cases by the development team without reference to user stories

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Tests Must Pass After Integration

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True or False: In XP, when new code is integrated into the system, it is acceptable for some existing tests to fail temporarily while the new functionality is stabilised.

False

True

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Why XP Emphasises Testing

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Explanation

Test-First Development — The Core Idea

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Benefits of Writing Tests First

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Customer Role in XP Testing

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Why Customer Involvement in Testing Is Difficult

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Automated Testing Frameworks

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Three Reasons Test-First Doesn't Guarantee Thorough Testing

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New Build Acceptance Rule

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Story Cards, Tasks, and Test Cases

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Tests Must Pass After Integration

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