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Core Definitions of System Diversity

publish date: 2026/10/04 04:25:25.446121 UTC

Dependability strategies often pair redundancy with diversity. Which of the following best defines 'diversity' in sociotechnical system engineering?

Ensuring redundant components of a system are of different types or implementations to prevent identical failure modes.

Writing single-threaded code to reduce system execution overhead.

Including extra spare capacity in a system that can be activated if part of the primary system fails.

Replacing physical hardware components strictly before the end of their predicted lifetime.

Software Engineering, Ian Sommerville, 9th edition