Model-Driven Architecture

This quiz covers topics including model-driven engineering (MDE) and model-driven architecture (MDA), the three types of abstract models in MDA (CIM, PIM, PSM), automated transformations between model levels, the benefits and limitations of MDA, why MDA has not been widely adopted, the relationship between MDA and agile methods, and Executable UML

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Views #: 199

Questions #: 11

Time: 10 minutes

Pass Score: 80.0%

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Model-Driven Engineering — Definition

1 pts

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Model-driven engineering (MDE) is an approach to software development whereby:

Development is driven entirely by automated testing with no upfront design models

Models rather than programs are the principal outputs of the development process, and programs that execute on a hardware/software platform are generated automatically from the models

Developers write code first and then generate models from the code automatically

Engineers use only UML diagrams during requirements engineering and then revert to traditional coding

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MDE vs. MDA — Key Difference

1 pts

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Approach

Model-Driven Architecture (MDA)

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE)

Scope

Concerned with all aspects of the software engineering process — including model-based requirements engineering, software processes for model-based development, and model-based testing

Focuses on the design and implementation stages of software development using a subset of UML models; proposed by the OMG as a new software development paradigm

Model-driven architecture (MDA) and model-driven engineering (MDE) are related but differ in scope. Match each to its correct description.

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Three Types of Model in MDA

2 pts

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Model Type

Computation Independent Model (CIM)

Platform Independent Model (PIM)

Platform Specific Model (PSM)

Description

A transformation of the platform-independent model with a separate version for each application platform (e.g., J2EE, .NET); layers of PSM may exist, each adding more platform-specific detail

Models the important domain abstractions used in a system — sometimes called domain models; describes concepts such as patients, consultations, assets, and roles without implementation detail

Models the operation of the system without reference to its implementation; described using UML models showing static structure and responses to external and internal events

The MDA method recommends that three types of abstract system model should be produced. Match each model type to its correct description.

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Reading the MDA Transformation Pipeline

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The diagram below shows the MDA transformation pipeline from high-level models to executable code.

In the MDA transformation pipeline shown above, what role do the Translators play?

They convert UML diagrams into test cases for automated testing

They are software tools that automatically transform one type of model into the next level in the pipeline, applying patterns and rules

They manually convert requirements written in natural language into UML diagrams

They are human architects who review and approve each model before the next stage begins

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Multiple PSMs from One PIM

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The diagram below shows how a single Platform Independent Model (PIM) can be translated into multiple Platform Specific Models (PSMs) for different target platforms.

What is the key benefit demonstrated by this diagram — generating both a Java program and a C# program from a single PIM?

If a system is intended to run on multiple platforms, you only need to maintain a single PIM, and the PSMs for each platform are automatically generated — making platform migration much easier

It shows that translators can fix bugs in the original PIM automatically

It shows that Java and C# programs are always identical in functionality

It proves that model-driven development is always faster than traditional coding

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Benefits of Model-Driven Engineering

2 pts

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Which of the following are cited benefits of model-based engineering? Select all that apply.

It eliminates the need for requirements engineering entirely

It makes agile development impossible

System implementations can be generated for different platforms from the same model

Engineers can think about systems at a higher level of abstraction, without concern for implementation details

It reduces the likelihood of errors and speeds up the design and implementation process

It allows the creation of reusable, platform-independent application models

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Fully Automated CIM-to-PIM Translation

1 pts

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True or False: The translation from a high-level Computation Independent Model (CIM) to a Platform Independent Model (PIM) can be fully automated by current MDA tools without any human intervention.

True

False

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Why MDA Has Not Been Widely Adopted

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Four reasons are given for why MDA has not become a mainstream software development approach. Which of the following are among those four reasons? Select all that apply.

MDA tools are open-source and therefore unreliable

UML is too complex and has too many diagram types for practical use

The widespread adoption of agile methods over the same period diverted attention away from model-driven approaches

The abstractions useful for discussion may not be the right abstractions for implementation — a completely different implementation approach based on off-the-shelf systems may be better

Platform-independence arguments are only valid for large, long-lifetime systems where platforms become obsolete during the system's lifetime

For most complex systems, implementation is not the major problem — requirements engineering, security, and integration with legacy systems are more significant challenges

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Where MDA Has Succeeded

1 pts

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Industrial use of MDA has been most successful in which type of system?

Consumer mobile applications developed using agile methods

Short-lifetime information systems for small businesses

Pure web applications with no embedded or real-time requirements

Systems products that include both hardware and software, with long lifetimes, where the application domain can be well understood and formalized in a CIM

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MDA and Agile Methods

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True or False: There is an uneasy relationship between agile methods and model-driven architecture, because the notion of extensive up-front modeling contradicts the fundamental ideas of the agile manifesto.

True

False

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Executable UML

1 pts

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Executable UML (xUML) is described as a subset of UML 2 that supports fully automated model-to-code transformation. What two requirements must be met to achieve this automated transformation?

Models must be constructed with clearly defined meanings that can be compiled to code, AND a way of adding information to graphical models about how the operations defined in the model are implemented must exist

The system must run on Java only, AND the UML diagrams must be generated by a licensed OMG tool

All models must be drawn by hand and scanned, AND the development team must have at least 10 years of UML experience

The models must use only class diagrams, AND all attributes must have defined types

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Model-Driven Engineering — Definition

Correct Answer

Explanation

MDE vs. MDA — Key Difference

Approach

Scope

Correct Answer

Explanation

Three Types of Model in MDA

Model Type

Description

Correct Answer

Explanation

Reading the MDA Transformation Pipeline

Correct Answer

Explanation

Multiple PSMs from One PIM

Correct Answer

Explanation

Benefits of Model-Driven Engineering

Correct Answer

Explanation

Fully Automated CIM-to-PIM Translation

Correct Answer

Explanation

Why MDA Has Not Been Widely Adopted

Correct Answer

Explanation

Where MDA Has Succeeded

Correct Answer

Explanation

MDA and Agile Methods

Correct Answer

Explanation

Executable UML

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Explanation

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