Application Architectures

This quiz covers the concept of application architectures and their uses, transaction processing systems, information systems, and language processing systems - including their components, architecture diagrams, and real-world examples such as ATM systems, MHC-PMS, and compilers

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Views #: 215

Questions #: 14

Pass Score: 80.0%

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What is an Application Architecture?

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Application architectures encapsulate the principal characteristics of a class of systems. Which of the following best explains why application architectures exist?

Because application architectures eliminate the need for requirements engineering

Because hardware vendors impose architectural standards that all applications must follow

Because every software system is unique and requires a completely custom architecture

Because businesses and applications within the same sector have much in common, leading to software architectures that describe the structure and organisation of particular types of software system

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Five Uses of Application Architecture Models

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Use

Starting point for architectural design

Assessing components for reuse

Design checklist

Organising work of the development team

Vocabulary for talking about application types

Description

Base your initial design on a generic architecture, specialising it for the specific system being developed

Compare your developed architectural design with the generic architecture to check consistency

The architecture identifies stable structural features that can be developed in parallel by different team members

Compare existing components against the generic structure to see whether comparable components exist for reuse

Use concepts from the generic architecture to discuss and compare applications of the same type

As a software designer, you can use models of application architectures in a number of ways. Match each use with its correct description.

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Transaction Processing Systems - Definition

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Which of the following best describes a Transaction Processing (TP) system?

A database-centred application that processes user requests for information and updates a database, where a transaction is a sequence of operations treated as a single atomic unit

A system that monitors network traffic and filters packets in real-time

A system that compiles source code into executable machine code

A system that processes batches of data files without any user interaction

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ATM Transaction Example

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Consider a customer withdrawing cash from a bank ATM. Which statement correctly explains why this constitutes a database transaction?

Because the ATM is physically connected to the bank's computer

Because it involves getting customer account details, checking the balance, modifying the balance by the amount withdrawn, and commanding the ATM to deliver cash - all of which must be completed as a unit before the database is changed

Because any cash withdrawal automatically creates a new account record

Because ATM operations always run in parallel with other customer transactions

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Transaction Processing System Structure

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Please drag and drop the options to sort them

The general structure of a Transaction Processing application follows four stages in sequence. Arrange these components in the correct order from user input to database.

Database

Application Logic

Transaction Manager

I/O Processing

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ATM Software Architecture

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Components

×Get Customer Account ID

×Query Account

×Print Details

×Validate Card

×Update Account

×Return Card

×Select Service

×Dispense Cash

Input (ATM)

Process (Database)

Output (ATM)

The software architecture of an ATM system can be organized as a Pipe and Filter structure with Input, Process, and Output stages. Classify each component into the correct stage.

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Information Systems Architecture

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Layer (top to bottom)

Information Retrieval and Modification

User Communications / Authentication and Authorization

Transaction Management / Database

User Interface

Function

Handles all interaction with the user; implemented using a web browser in modern systems

Manages user login, role checking, form and menu management, and data validation

Implements application-specific logic for accessing and updating the database; includes security, data import/export, and report generation

Provides persistent data storage, transaction management, and data integrity using a commercial DBMS

A general information system uses a layered architecture with four layers. Match each layer to its primary function.

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MHC-PMS Architecture

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Server

Application server

Web server

Database server

Role

Responsible for all user communications, with the user interface implemented via a web browser

Responsible for implementing application-specific logic as well as information storage and retrieval requests

Moves information to and from the database and handles transaction management

The MHC-PMS (Mental Health Care Patient Management System) is an example of a multi-tier information system. In a web-based deployment, which server handles each responsibility? Match the server to its role.

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Language Processing Systems - Purpose

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Which of the following correctly describes what a language processing system does?

It manages communication between distributed software components over a network

It manages the persistence of application state between user sessions

It checks for grammatical errors in user-facing text interfaces

It translates a natural or artificial language into another representation, and for programming languages may also execute the resulting code

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Compiler Architecture Components

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Component

Lexical analyzer

Syntax analyzer

Symbol table

Semantic analyzer

Syntax tree

Code generator

Function

Takes input language tokens and converts them to an internal form

Holds information about the names of entities (variables, class names, object names, etc.) used in the text being translated

Checks the syntax of the language being translated using a defined grammar and builds a syntax tree

An internal structure representing the program being compiled

Uses information from the syntax tree and the symbol table to check the semantic correctness of the input language text

Walks the syntax tree and generates abstract machine code

A general-purpose programming language compiler includes six key components. Match each component to its function.

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Two Architectures for a Compiler

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A compiler can be organized using two alternative architectural patterns. Which of the following correctly describes when each is preferable?

Pipe and Filter is used only for natural language processing; Repository is used only for machine code generation

Pipe and Filter for all compilers; Repository never used for compilers

Pipe and Filter is effective in batch environments where programs are compiled without user interaction; Repository is better when the compiler is integrated with other tools like structured editors, debuggers, or prettyprinters, where changes must be reflected immediately across components

Repository is always preferred because it is simpler to implement than Pipe and Filter

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ERP Systems and Application Reuse

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems exemplify a particular form of application architecture reuse. Which of the following best describes this form of reuse?

ERP systems reuse the user interface only, with all business logic re-implemented for each organisation

ERP systems reuse individual software components but always require a completely new architecture

ERP systems are custom-built from scratch for each organisation and share no common code

A generic system is configured and adapted to create a specific business application, allowing application reuse without re-implementation

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Examples of Transaction Processing Systems

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Which of the following are examples of Transaction Processing systems? Select ALL that apply.

Resource management systems

Interactive banking systems

A batch scientific simulation that runs overnight without user interaction

Booking systems for flights or hotels

E-commerce systems

Information systems for library catalogues

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Language Processing System Architecture

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In a basic language processing system architecture, a source language program flows through two main stages before producing results. Drag the correct term into each placeholder.

Source language instructions are fed into a (1), which checks syntax and semantics and generates abstract machine instructions. These instructions are then fed into an (2), which fetches and executes them using data from the environment to produce results.

Please drag and drop the selected option in the right place or type it instead

Translator

Interpreter

Compiler linker

Debugger

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Undergraduate Professional

What is an Application Architecture?

Correct Answer

Explanation

Five Uses of Application Architecture Models

Use

Description

Correct Answer

Explanation

Transaction Processing Systems - Definition

Correct Answer

Explanation

ATM Transaction Example

Correct Answer

Explanation

Transaction Processing System Structure

Correct Answer

Explanation

ATM Software Architecture

Correct Answer

Explanation

Information Systems Architecture

Layer (top to bottom)

Function

Correct Answer

Explanation

MHC-PMS Architecture

Server

Role

Correct Answer

Explanation

Language Processing Systems - Purpose

Correct Answer

Explanation

Compiler Architecture Components

Component

Function

Correct Answer

Explanation

Two Architectures for a Compiler

Correct Answer

Explanation

ERP Systems and Application Reuse

Correct Answer

Explanation

Examples of Transaction Processing Systems

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Explanation

Language Processing System Architecture

Correct Answer

Explanation

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